ABSTRACT
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders namely depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances has been increased worldwide, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the interest of recent investigations is moved toward phytomedicines and bioactive substances derived from natural sources. Although Tilia platyphyllos Scop. contains high amounts of phenolic compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, and catechin, there is no study on the possible effects of its extract on psychological disorders. The present study was carried out to determine the antidepressant-like, anxiolytic, and sedative-hypnotic effects of the hydroethanolic extract of T. platyphyllos leaves using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex test and open field test (OFT). Following the ethanolic extraction of T. platyphyllos leaves, the extraction yield was 14% and the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were found to be 135.23 +/- 0.14 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 19.02 +/- 0.03 mg rutin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. Both FTS and TST revealed a significant antidepressant-like activity for the tested extract at 400 mg/kg compared to the control group. In addition, the anxiolytic activity of the extract was proven through OFT and EPMT in the same dose. Finally, T. platyphyllos extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the sleeping time when compared to the control group reflecting its potential hypnotic activity. Co-administration of T. platyphyllos extract at 400 mg/kg and flumazenil as the GABA-A receptor antagonist decreased the sleeping time but the observed effect was not statistically significant. Therefore, we cannot completely rule out the GABA-A receptor's involvement in the hypnotic activity of the extract. The biological results presented here led us to conclude that T. platyphyllos extract can be a prominent source of antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic agents. Probably, the main phenolic compounds of T. platyphyllos such as quercetin, kaempferol, and catechin are involved in the observed effects. However, there is still a great need for additional investigations on the exact mechanisms.Copyright © 2022, Iranian Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic determined a profound impact on the routine follow-up of type 1 diabetes (T1D) children. Telemedicine represents a critical tool to guarantee regular care for these patients in this form. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of telemedicine programs during the COVID-19 pandemic era on T1D children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Studies from PubMed, Cochrane, and Directory of Open Access Journals from December 2021, to February 18, 2022, were conducted to calculate the pooled mean difference using either a random or fixed-effect model in Review Manager version 5.3. Our study has applied to ensure that our procedures, including record collection, extraction of data, quality evaluation, and statistical analysis, adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Examination and Meta-Analysis guidelines. RESULT(S): Three articles relevant to the current study (436 children). Our pooled analysis found that there was an impact of telemedicine in reducing the HbA1c (mean diff: 5.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.71-7.57], p < 0.00001). However, the physical activity was not affected by the telemedicine program (mean diff: -37.25 [95% CI -317.53- 243.02], p = 0.79). CONCLUSION(S): Our findings suggest that telemedicine has a role in T1D children controlling HbA1c during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, telehealth has emerged as a promising alternate mode of health-care delivery. Its utility during the pandemic warrants further investigation.Copyright © 2023 Nur Rochmah, Farahdina Farahdina, Wika Yuli Deakandi, Qurrota Ayuni Novia Putri, Tyas Maslakhatien Nuzula, Katherine Fedora, Qorri 'Aina, Muhammad Faizi.
ABSTRACT
Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected healthcare systems. Down syndrome (DS) is a chronic disease caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 which is associated with a variety of medical problems such as autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) that necessitate comprehensive routine treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increasing an unavailability, which became an impediment to chronic disease patients' drug consumption. Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to examine the barriers to medication adherence faced by DS patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): An observational analytic study was conducted from January to July 2021 among parents of DS patients who registered in the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Inclusion criteria include: The parents of DS with AITD patients aged 1-18 years who came to the pediatric endocrinology polyclinic, routinely took oral medication before March 2020, can fill out questionnaire forms independently, and signed the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were parents of DS patients who did not take regular medication, or started treatment after March 2020. Data were collected and analyzed using the Wilcoxon comparison test Results: There are 31 DS patients responded and completed the questionnaires. Adherence to hospital visits in DS with AITD patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic showed significant differences (P = 0.001). The main barriers to follow-up visits during the pandemic were lockdown protocol which made travel difficult (28%). The compliance for taking medication was still high although 13 (41.9%) obtained the medicine without a prescription. Conclusion(s): Changes in terms of medication adherence during the pandemic have highlighted the importance of improving DS patient's access to healthcare. Shifting medication counseling to the nearest primary health care provider with supervision from a tertiary referral specialist appears to be a reasonable and potentially cost-effective strategy in improving treatment adherence especially in a pandemic setting.Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Background: Children with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often experience emotional and behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression. Social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic caused social restrictions and limited access to healthcare facili-ties, which may have worsened the metabolic control. Objective(s): This study aimed to analyze the behavioral problems among type 1 diabetes mellitus children with good and poor metabolic control during COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This cross-sectional study was conducted in January-August 2021 in the Endocrine Outpatient Clinic of General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Type-1-DM children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on metabolic control, including good (HbA1C <= 8) and poor (HbA1C > 8). The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) was used as a screening tool with the domain internalizing problems (IP), externalizing problems (EP), and attention problems (AP). The data were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman test with Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 18.0. Result(s): In this study, 27 subjects (17 boys and 10 girls, aged 12.63 +/- 3.39 years) were investigated. Of all subjects, only 8 subjects had good metabolic control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, 33.3% of the participants had behavioral problems (14.8% IP;18.5% EP). The frequencies of IP, EP, and AP in the good metabolic control group were 12.5%, 37.5%, and 0%, respectively;while those in the poor metabolic group were 15.8%, 10.5%, and 0%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the good and poor metabolic control groups in terms of behavior problems (P = 1.00, IP;P = 0.14, EP). Conclusion(s): No significant difference was found between good and poor metabolic control groups (P = 1.00, IP;P = 0.14, EP). How-ever, the frequency of EP was higher in good metabolic control, and the frequency of IP was higher in poor metabolic control. Copyright © 2022, Author(s).
ABSTRACT
The governments implemented social distancing and isolation with the spread of COVID-19. However, these ways efficiently prevent coronavirus transmission, but they caused unprecedented changes in most people’s day-to-day lives. One of the concerns is mental health, and many experts are concerned about the tsunami of mental illnesses during and after coronavirus. Being exposed to nature has an efficient role in mental health. Under pandemic conditions, people reduced their outdoor activities, but personal green spaces are still available. This research assessed the impact of these spaces as an alternative to public green spaces and their benefits during COVID-19 on mental health and generalized anxiety disorder. Accordingly, by designing an online self-administered questionnaire, a total of 700 residents of Tehran apartments were evaluated. A structural equation model was created. The results demonstrate that using personal green spaces has a negative correlation and significant impact on general mental health and generalized anxiety disorder. It also plays a more substantial role in reducing depression than its role in reducing anxiety among individuals. Therefore, maximum land use policies should be reviewed. Also, green spaces should be given more attention in post-COVID designs on a macro-scale to a small scale. Copyright © 2022 Khaledi, Faizi and Khakzand.
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BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a common chronic illness with increasing prevalence. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and large society restriction policies in Indonesia cause problems and might affect the quality of life (QoL) of children with OI. AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate determinant factors (such as number of hospital visits per year, calcium and/or Vitamin D consumption, fear and obstacles of visiting the hospital, and parent’s layoff) of OI children’s QoL pre and during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study design conducted in the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, during the 1st year of COVID-19 pandemic to assess the patient’s QoL. This study used a diagnostic group with questionnaires. The instrument included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Score, a standardized interview questionnaire comprising questions on the participant characteristics and determinant factors pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of determinant factors pre and during the pandemic used McNemar. Correlation between determinant factors and QoL used linear regression for physical and emotional dimensions and logistic regression for social, school, and total score. RESULTS: Of the 22 children with OI, 19 had fear of visiting the hospital (p < 0.001), and 16 had obstacles to visiting the hospital (p < 0.01). Taking calcium and/or Vitamin D supplementation pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic affected school functioning (p = 0.015) and the total score (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors pre and during COVID-19 were fear of and obstacles to visiting the hospital. Supplementation of calcium and/or Vitamin D pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted school functioning and the total score.
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Objective: The pandemic condition has hampered the health system because of government efforts to limit the spread of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). These restrictions can affect the management of children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We aimed to assess the correlation between patient adherence and glycemic control during early pandemic. Material and Methods: T1DM patients who regularly control to Pediatric Endocrine Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, aged 4-18 years old and whose parents were willing to jjoin this study were included. The sample was randomly collected by phone from July 2nd to 28th, 2020 (during early pandemic). We used the Diabetes Management Questionnaire (DMQ) (parents-reported method for children aged <13 years and self-re- ported for children aged >13 years). The correlation between variables was analyzed by using Pearson correlation test. Results: Thirty patients were included in our study (mean age: 11.70±3.49 years old;the mean DMQ score: 56.33±11.30). The mean (±SD) HbA1c level was 11.35 (1.95) %. The DMQ score consists of 4 sectors, including adherence to insulin use, diet management, physical activity and glycemic monitoring, the means of patient's score vs maximum score as followed (10.00 vs 10.00), (24.83 vs 40.00), (6.87 vs 15), (18.25 vs 35). Unfortunately, the correlation analysis on patient's adherence and HbA1c was not significant (r=-0.231;p=0.164). Conclusion: The correlation between patient's adherence and HbA1c was not significant. Meanwhile, adherence to insulin showed maximal score during early COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 OrtadogŸu Reklam Tanitim Yayincilik Turizm Egitim Insaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S.. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical therapy;thus, it has become a psychosocial stressor associated with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic is also an additional stressor in addition to chronic physical illness, biological factors, cognitive factors, environment, age, parental education, parents’ occupations, and family income. AIM: Thus, in this study, we aim to analyze the risk factors for psychosocial disorders among children with CAH. METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2021 at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and medical records and then analyzed through univariate and bivariate analyzes using Chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test). RESULTS: In total, 30 children were enrolled in this study, among which 8 (26.7%) had emotional disorders, 5 (16.7%) had behavioral disorders, and most (83.3%) did not have hyperactivity/attention disorders. It was found that 8 children (26.7%) had problems with peer relationships, whereas most (83.3%) did not experience prosocial disorders. Family income (p = 0.032, CI = 95%) and hyperactivity (p = 0.019, CI = 95%) were found to be significantly correlated to conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS: Family income, behavioral disorders, and hyperactivity/attention disorders were identified as risk factors for psychosocial disorders in children with CAH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Backgroud: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects many aspects of society, including the quality of life (QoL) of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).This study analyzed predisposing factors that affect QoL of children with T1DM during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly the socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Endocrine Outpatient Clinicof Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia, from March to October 2020. Childrens with T1DM were assessed using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.2 diabetes module. Socioeconomic characteristics were presented;correlation between variables were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman tests and p< 0.05 was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study included 33 subjects (18 boys and 15 girls;mean age, 11.97 ± 2.91 years). Worry and treatment barrier for the child report correlated to the parent’s educational background (r=0.35;p=0.022) and income (r=0.29;p=0.049). Worry, treatment barrier, and diabetes aspects for parents’ report correlated to age group(r= −0.38;p=0.014), parents’ educational background (r=0.37;p=0.015) and income (r=0.29;p=0.049). There’s correlation between diabetes aspect of parent’s report and age group (r= −0.38;p=0.014).